¿Tiene el tratamiento previo con inhibidores de la 5-alfa reductasa repercusión en la enucleación prostática con láser holmium? Resultados de un estudio prospectivo observacional y revisión de la literatura / Evaluating the effects of preoperative treatment with 5-alpha reductase inhibitors in holmium laser enucleation of the prostate

Introducción y objetivos Los pacientes tratados con HoLEP frecuentemente han recibido tratamientos previos, incluyendo los inhibidores de la 5-alfa-reductasa (5ARI). Nuestro objetivo es evaluar el efecto del tratamiento previo con 5ARI en los parámetros perioperatorios y del postoperatorio immediato en pacientes tratados con HoLEP. Materiales y métodos Se ha llevado a cabo un estudio retrospectivo utilizando una base de datos recogida prospectivamente, de todos los pacientes tratados con HoLEP en nuestro centro entre enero de 2017 y enero de 2023. Se han analizado los gramos de resección, la eficiencia de enucleación y morcelación (gramos enucleados/tiempo de enucleación y gramos de morcelación/tiempo de morcelación), las complicaciones postoperatorias, el tiempo de hospitalización y el descenso de hemoglobina. Resultados Se han incluido 327 pacientes; 173 de ellos (52,9%) fueron tratados con 5ARI. Entre los parámetros perioperatorios estudiados para determinar la eficiencia no se encontraron diferencias. No se observaron diferencias en las complicaciones peri o postoperatorias, estancia hospitalaria o descenso de hemoglobina. Conclusiones El uso de 5ARI no tuvo repercusión en el postoperatorio immediato de los pacientes tratados con HoLEP. En nuestra cohorte el uso de 5ARI no ha demostrado alterar la eficiencia quirúrgica, ni en la enucleación ni en la morcelación. Futuros estudios multicéntricos serán necesarios para corroborar estos hallazgos. (AU)

Introduction and aim Patients treated with HoLEP are frequently treated with previous treatments, including 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs). We investigated the impact of pretreatment with 5-ARIs on perioperative and immediate postoperative parameters in patients treated with HoLEP. Material and Methods A retrospective study was performed using a prospectively collected database including all patients treated with HoLEP at our center between January 2017 and January 2023. The resected tissue weight, enucleation and morcellation efficiency (enucleation weight/time and morcellation weight/ time), postoperative complications, hospital stay and hemoglobin drop have been analyzed. Results A total of 327 patients were included. Of these, 173 (52.9%) were treated with 5-ARIs. No differences were found among the perioperative parameters investigated to determine efficiency. No differences were observed in peri- or postoperative complications, hospital stay or hemoglobin drop. Conclusions Therapy with 5-ARIs had no impact on the immediate postoperative outcomes of patients treated with HoLEP. In our cohort, we observed that the use of 5-ARIs did not affect surgical efficiency, enucleation or morcellation. Further multicenter studies will be necessary to validate these findings. (AU)

Evaluating the effects of preoperative treatment with 5-alpha reductase inhibitors in holmium laser enucleation of the prostate.

INTRODUCTION AND AIM: Patients treated with HoLEP are frequently treated with previous treatments, including 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs). We investigated the impact of pretreatment with 5-ARIs on perioperative and immediate postoperative parameters in patients treated with HoLEP. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study was performed using a prospectively collected database including all patients treated with HoLEP at our center between January 2017 and January 2023. The resected tissue weight, enucleation and morcellation efficiency (enucleation weight/time and morcellation weight/ time), postoperative complications, hospital stay and hemoglobin drop have been analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 327 patients were included. Of these, 173 (52.9%) were treated with 5-ARIs. No differences were found among the perioperative parameters investigated to determine efficiency. No differences were observed in peri- or postoperative complications, hospital stay or hemoglobin drop. CONCLUSIONS: Therapy with 5-ARIs had no impact on the immediate postoperative outcomes of patients treated with HoLEP. In our cohort, we observed that the use of 5-ARIs did not affect surgical efficiency, enucleation or morcellation. Further multicenter studies will be necessary to validate these findings.

Embolización prostática como tratamiento para pacientes con hiperplasia benigna de próstata portadores de sonda vesical permanente no tributarios a cirugía desobstructiva / Prostatic artery embolization treatment for patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia who are permanent urinary catheter users ineligible for de-obstructive surgery

Introducción: La hiperplasia benigna de próstata se considera la causa más común de los síntomas del tracto urinario inferior. El sondaje vesical es el tratamiento urgente en pacientes con retención urinaria y la cirugía el de aquellos refractarios al tratamiento médico. Existe un grupo de personas con comorbilidades importantes no tributarias a cirugía. La embolización arterial prostática (EAP) podría presentarse como una alternativa segura y eficaz para conseguir el vaciamiento vesical y la micción espontánea, evitando así el sondaje vesical permanente en pacientes con comorbilidades importantes que contraindiquen la cirugía. En este estudio retrospectivo, evaluamos la eficacia de la EAP en pacientes portadores de sonda vesical permanente no tributarios de tratamiento quirúrgico.Material y métodosEstudio retrospectivo de 26 pacientes portadores de sonda vesical permanente a los que se les realizó una embolización prostática. Se revisaron los datos demográficos y clínicos (edad, uso de anticoagulación, volumen prostático, tiempo de ingreso, embolización unilateral o bilateral), la evaluación del índice de comorbilidad de Charlson y la clasificación de Clavien-Dindo para las complicaciones del procedimiento. Se analizó el éxito de la retirada de la sonda vesical permanente al mes del procedimiento.ResultadosUn total de 26 pacientes fueron incluidos en la revisión. La mediana de edad fue de 85 años, con un volumen prostático mediano de 90mL. El 88,5% de los sujetos puntuó más de 7 en la escala de comorbilidad de Charlson. Un único paciente presentó una complicación Clavien-Dindo III. De los 26 sujetos, 17 (65,4%) tuvieron una micción espontánea y un residuo posmiccional inferior a 100mL al mes del procedimiento. En total, se logró retirar la sonda vesical en 19 de los 26 sujetos (73,1%). (AU)

Introduction: Benign prostatic hyperplasia is considered the most frequent cause of lower urinary tract symptoms. Urinary catheterization is the emergency treatment for patients with urinary retention and surgery is indicated in patients refractory to medical treatment. There is a group of people with important comorbidities that make them ineligible for surgery. Prostatic arterial embolization (PAE) could be presented as a safe and effective alternative to achieve bladder emptying and spontaneous urination, thus avoiding permanent urinary catheterization in patients with significant comorbidities that represent a contraindication for surgery. In this retrospective study, we evaluated the efficacy of PAE in patients with permanent urinary catheterization who are ineligible for surgical treatment.Material and methodsRetrospective study of 26 patients with permanent urinary catheter who underwent prostatic embolization. Demographic and clinical data (age, use of anticoagulation, prostate volume, length of hospital stay, unilateral or bilateral embolization), Charlson comorbidity index evaluation and Clavien-Dindo classification for procedural complications were reviewed. Successful removal of permanent urinary catheter was analyzed at one month after the procedure.ResultsA total of 26 patients were included in the review. The median age was 85 years with a median prostate volume of 90mL. A Charlson comorbidity score above 7 was obtained in 88.5% of the subjects. Only one patient had one Clavien-Dindo III complication. Of the 26 subjects, 17 (65.4%) had spontaneous micturition and a postvoid residual lower than 100mL at one month post procedure. Overall, catheter removal was achieved in 19 out of 26 subjects (73.1%). (AU)

Prostatic artery embolization treatment for patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia who are permanent urinary catheter users ineligible for de-obstructive surgery.

INTRODUCTION: Benign prostatic hyperplasia is considered the most frequent cause of lower urinary tract symptoms. Urinary catheterization is the emergency treatment for patients with urinary retention and surgery is indicated in patients refractory to medical treatment. There is a group of people with important comorbidities that make them ineligible for surgery. Prostatic arterial embolization (PAE) could be presented as a safe and effective alternative to achieve bladder emptying and spontaneous urination, thus avoiding permanent urinary catheterization in patients with significant comorbidities that represent a contraindication for surgery. In this retrospective study, we evaluated the efficacy of PAE in patients with permanent urinary catheterization who are ineligible for surgical treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study of 26 patients with permanent urinary catheter who underwent prostatic embolization. Demographic and clinical data (age, use of anticoagulation, prostate volume, length of hospital stay, unilateral or bilateral embolization), Charlson comorbidity index evaluation and Clavien-Dindo classification for procedural complications were reviewed. Successful removal of permanent urinary catheter was analyzed at one month after the procedure. RESULTS: A total of 26 patients were included in the review. The median age was 85 years with a median prostate volume of 90 mL. A Charlson comorbidity score above 7 was obtained in 88.5% of the subjects. Only one patient had one Clavien-Dindo III complication. Of the 26 subjects, 17 (65.4%) had spontaneous micturition and a postvoid residual lower than 100 mL at one month post procedure. Overall, catheter removal was achieved in 19 out of 26 subjects (73.1%). CONCLUSION: PAE is a safe and effective treatment for patients with permanent urinary catheterization who are ineligible for surgical treatment.

Análisis de las complicaciones en el aprendizaje del HoLEP: revisión sistemática / No disponible

ANTECEDENTES: La enucleación prostática con láser de holmio (HoLEP) podría mejorar los resultados y tener menores tasas de complicaciones que las técnicas tradicionales (resección transuretral y prostatectomía abierta) en la desobstrucción quirúrgica prostática. A pesar de esto, su uso no se ha extendido en la urología a nivel mundial. La alta tasa de complicaciones en su curva de aprendizaje (CAHo) podría ser una causa. OBJETIVO: Hacer una revisión sistemática para determinar las tasas de complicaciones en el aprendizaje de HoLEP y compararlas con las descritas en técnicas tradicionales. Adquisición de la evidencia: se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en MedLine y Embase con los términos «HoLEP» y «holmium laser enucleation». Se obtuvieron 680 registros y, siguiendo los criterios PRISMA, se seleccionaron 15 estudios. SÍNTESIS DE LA EVIDENCIA Se analizaron 1.705 casos en la curva de aprendizaje de 59 urólogos. La mayoría de los estudios no hacen un reporte estandarizado de las complicaciones. Las complicaciones intraoperatorias son bajas y, en general, no tienen repercusiones posteriores. Las tasas de complicaciones postoperatorias son bajas y mejoran con la experiencia. Las tasas de complicaciones en CAHo son iguales o menores que las reportadas en las técnicas tradicionales. CONCLUSIÓN: Las tasas de complicaciones en la CAHo no superan a las reportadas en las técnicas tradicionales. El aprendizaje de HoLEP no debe ser retrasado por temor a aumentar las complicaciones o su severidad

BACKGROUND: Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) could have better outcomes with decreased complication rates if compared to traditional techniques (transurethral resection and open prostatectomy) for the surgical relief of bladder outlet obstruction. Despite this, its use has not been implemented in the urology community, probably due to the high complication rates of the HoLEP learning curve (HoLC). OBJECTIVE: To conduct a systematic review of the complication rates in HoLC and compare these with those of traditional techniques. EVIDENCE ADQUISITION: a systematic literature search was performed in MedLine and Embase using the search terms «HoLEP» and «holmium laser enucleation». We identified 680 records and selected 15 studies following PRISMA criteria. Evidence synthesis: 1705 cases in the learning curves of 59 surgeons were analyzed. Most of the studies do not report complications in a standardized way. Intraoperative complication rates are low and usually without long-term impact. Postoperative complication rates are limited and show improvement with practice. The complication rates in the HoLC are similar or lower to those reported by traditional techniques. CONCLUSIONS: Complication rates in HoLC are not higher than those reported by traditional techniques. HoLEP learning should not be delayed for fear of increasing complications or their severity

The complications of the HoLEP learning curve. A systematic review. / Análisis de las complicaciones en el aprendizaje del HoLEP: revisión sistemática.

BACKGROUND: Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) could have better outcomes with decreased complication rates if compared to traditional techniques (transurethral resection and open prostatectomy) for the surgical relief of bladder outlet obstruction. Despite this, its use has not been implemented in the urology community, probably due to the high complication rates of the HoLEP learning curve (HoLC). OBJECTIVE: To conduct a systematic review of the complication rates in HoLC and compare these with those of traditional techniques. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: a systematic literature search was performed in MedLine and Embase using the search terms «HoLEP¼ and «holmium laser enucleation¼. We identified 680 records and selected 15 studies following PRISMA criteria. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: 1705 cases in the learning curves of 59 surgeons were analyzed. Most of the studies do not report complications in a standardized way. Intraoperative complication rates are low and usually without long-term impact. Postoperative complication rates are limited and show improvement with practice. The complication rates in the HoLC are similar or lower to those reported by traditional techniques. CONCLUSION: Complication rates in HoLC are not higher than those reported by traditional techniques. HoLEP learning should not be delayed for fear of increasing complications or their severity.

Marcadores urinarios en la vigilancia del tumor vesical no músculo infiltrante. Revisión de la literatura / Urinary markers in the surveillance of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. A literature review

Contexto: La vigilancia del tumor vesical no músculo infiltrante (TVNMI) se realiza habitualmente mediante cistoscopia y citologías urinarias seriadas. Hoy, no se utiliza ningún marcador urinario, suficientemente eficaz, para reducir la morbilidad y coste de este seguimiento. Objetivo: Describir el rendimiento de los marcadores urinarios en la vigilancia del TVNMI. Adquisición de la evidencia: el 1 de agosto de 2018 se realizó búsqueda bibliográfica en Pubmed, Embase y librería Cochrane, acotada a los últimos 10 años, con los términos: bladder cancer, recurrence, detection y urine marker. Se obtuvieron 973 registros y siguiendo las recomendaciones PRISMA se seleccionaron 27 publicaciones. Síntesis de la evidencia: Los valores predictivos negativos de varios ensayos permitirían reducir el número de cistoscopias en la vigilancia del TVNMI. Seis ensayos de factores de transcripción tuvieron un valor predictivo negativo superior al 90% y uno de ellos se puede realizar en el punto de control. Seis ensayos de factores de transcripción describen diagnóstico anticipado entre el 68% y 83% de sus «falsos positivos». Dos ensayos de factores de transcripción y uno de proteínas demuestran reducir entre el 23% y el 35% de las cistoscopias de vigilancia. Los ensayos celulares se restringen a pruebas reflejo ante citologías urinarias dudosas. Conclusión: Existen pocas publicaciones que permitan analizar la mejoría del protocolo de vigilancia del TVNMI. Los ensayos de factores de transcripción tienen la mejor precisión diagnóstica y algunos permiten diagnóstico anticipado. Hoy en día no hay análisis que comparen entre protocolos alternativos de vigilancia y el convencional

Background: The surveillance of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is usually performed by cystoscopy and cytology. Until today, no effective urinary biomarker has been used to reduce the morbidity and cost associated with these procedures. Objective: To describe the performance of urinary biomarkers in the surveillance of NMIBC. Evidence acquisition: on August 1, 2018, a bibliographic search was carried out in Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane Library, limited to the last 10 years, with the terms: bladder cancer, recurrence, detection and urine marker.973 registers were obtained, and 27 publications were selected following the PRISMA recommendations. Evidence synthesis: The negative predictive values (NPV) of several assays could reduce the number of cystoscopies in NMIBC surveillance. Six transcription-factor trials had an NPV rate greater than 90%, and one of them can be performed at the control point. Six transcription-factors evaluations describe anticipated diagnosis between 68% and 83% of their "false positives". Two transcription factors and one protein assays proved reduction between 23% and 35% of surveillance cystoscopies. Nowadays, cell-based assays are restricted to reflex test after doubtful cytologies. Conclusion: There are few studies analysing the improvement of the NMIBC surveillance protocols. Several transcription factor assays are more precise and allow anticipatory diagnosis. Currently, there are no comparative studies between alternative surveillance protocols and classic ones

Urinary markers in the surveillance of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. A literature review. / Marcadores urinarios en la vigilancia del tumor vesical no músculo infiltrante. Revisión de la literatura.

BACKGROUND: The surveillance of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is usually performed by cystoscopy and cytology. Until today, no effective urinary biomarker has been used to reduce the morbidity and cost associated with these procedures. OBJECTIVE: To describe the performance of urinary biomarkers in the surveillance of NMIBC. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: on August 1, 2018, a bibliographic search was carried out in Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane Library, limited to the last 10 years, with the terms: bladder cancer, recurrence, detection and urine marker.973 registers were obtained, and 27 publications were selected following the PRISMA recommendations. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: The negative predictive values (NPV) of several assays could reduce the number of cystoscopies in NMIBC surveillance. Six transcription-factor trials had an NPV rate greater than 90%, and one of them can be performed at the control point. Six transcription-factors evaluations describe anticipated diagnosis between 68% and 83% of their "false positives". Two transcription factors and one protein assays proved reduction between 23% and 35% of surveillance cystoscopies. Nowadays, cell-based assays are restricted to reflex test after doubtful cytologies. CONCLUSION: There are few studies analysing the improvement of the NMIBC surveillance protocols. Several transcription factor assays are more precise and allow anticipatory diagnosis. Currently, there are no comparative studies between alternative surveillance protocols and classic ones.

Extensive emphysematous pyelonephritis in a renal allograft: case report and review of literature.

Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is an acute, severe necrotizing infection of the renal parenchyma and perirenal tissue, which results in the presence of gas within the renal parenchyma, collecting system, or perinephric tissue. EPN of renal allograft is rare, with only 23 cases reported in Western literature. Here, we report a patient treated successfully with surgery. We also review the literature, focusing on old and new suggested classification systems for EPN.